CSP-driven multigeneration system combines hydrogen generation with compressed air, pumped hydro storage

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From pv magazine Global

A group of researchers from Canada’s Ontario Tech University developed a novel multigeneration system that is able to provide electricity, hydrogen, cooling, heating and hot water.

Driven by solar heliostat technology, the proposed system uses microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) to produce hydrogen and pumped hydro and compressed air for storing surplus power.

The operation of the system includes a few main operations. First, a solar heliostat system generates thermal energy that is used to heat a molten salt mixture. This mixture, in turn, is utilized to preheat compressed air in the gas turbine cycle and produce steam for the creation of electrical energy via a Rankine cycle.

The power generation component has two parts – one for charging and the other for discharging. In charging mode, surplus energy from the Rankine cycle is used to compress air and is stored in underground caverns. During the discharge mode, the compressed air is reheated to generate electricity with the use of a few heat exchangers.

As for hydrogen generation, The MEC processes utilize wastewater obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment facility as feedstock, letting microorganisms break down organic matter and creating H2 as a byproduct.

A cooling cycle, or a heat pump cycle, is further used to provide cooling for residential and industrial use. It utilizes waste heat in the process, heating an R134a working fluid. Pump hydro storage is also integrated into the system to store excess energy and release it when needed.

The system was modeled for operation in the Australian city of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, due to its high solar irradiance and pre-existing mining infrastructure, which facilitates caverns. The simulations were conducted using the Engineering Equation Solver software.

“The proposed multigeneration system is highly adaptable and can be modified for deployment in other regions with distinct resources and limitations. The system can be adjusted to incorporate wind energy as an extra renewable input in areas with lower solar irradiance,” the academic suggested. “Photovoltaic panels can be used in place of  concentrated solar power (CSP) systems in urban areas when there is limited acreage available for heliostat fields.”

The group determined 52 system state points and key system parameters to simulate the system and found that, in discharging mode, it can generate 30,703.4 kW of electricity and provide 77.39 kg/s of space heating output.

“The multigeneration system demonstrated energy and exergy efficiencies of 32.05% and 37%, respectively, in charging mode, and efficiencies of 56% and 65% during discharging mode, indicating effective performance,” they added. “The energetic and exergetic coefficients of performances (COPs) for the absorption system are found to be 4.56 and 0.19, respectively.”

The system was also found to produce 5366.45 kW of net electrical power, 2.39 kg/s of heating output, 2 kg/s of cooling output, and 50 kg/s of hot water output during charging mode. It also generated H2 at a rate of 0.05 kg/s. “A thorough techno-economic analysis is required to assess the financial viability of the system at this site, considering installation costs, operational expenses, and payback periods,” the academics concluded.

The system was presented in “Design and performance assessment of an integrated energy system with compressed air and pumped hydro storage,” published in the Journal of Energy Storage.

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