New solar trade cases focus on three new Asian countries

In trade petitions filed today, a U.S. domestic manufacturing alliance is taking aim at largely Chinese-produced imports of solar cells and modules from Indonesia, Indian and Laos, potentially leading to a new round of antidumping and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) investigations.

July 17, 2025 Ben Santarris

Shipping containers.

Image: Wikimedia Commons

Teeing up the next in a succession of geographic focal points in the 14-year U.S. solar-industry trade battle against Chinese trade practices, an American manufacturing consortium today filed petitions against imports from India, Indonesia and Laos. The cases submitted by the The Alliance for American Solar Manufacturing and Trade have been generally anticipated, but the exact country targets have not been finally and widely known — until today.

In step with previous trade litigation, the alliance submitted the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy cases to the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) and the U.S. Department of Commerce, which adjudicate such cases over periods of about 13 months. The two agencies play parallel roles in separately managing complementary investigations in quasi-judicial proceedings.

As a first step toward initiating comprehensive investigations, the ITC will stage initial hearings and research to preliminarily determine whether the targeted imports are unfairly injuring the U.S. industry. The ultimate objective of the cases is to secure import duties calibrated to offset the extent of allegedly anti-competitive pricing practices and government subsidies underlying the target imports.

In effect, the new cases extend a marathon struggle begun in 2011 that has focused on imports from Chinese companies. As they have relocated factory assets ahead of tariffs resulting from the cases, the domestic industry has refocused on litigation against imports from new country targets. Most recently, the industry won penalties, implemented in June, against imports from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

The latest cases effectively request investigations into “illegal trade practices by largely Chinese-owned manufacturers operating in Laos and Indonesia, as well as companies headquartered in India,” an alliance release said.

The alliance asserted that it has calculated dumping margins in sales of imports from designated countries. The margins estimate the degrees to which companies from foreign markets allegedly have sold U.S. imports at prices below their fair market values in the U.S. market. The alliance contends it has found dumping margins of 89.65% for imports from Indonesia, 245.79% to 249.09% for Laos and 213.96% for India.

The cases name the alliance as their lead petitioner, though individual companies have sometimes acted as lead petitioners in prior cases. Alliance members include First Solar, Mission Solar Energy and Qcells. Houston-based Talon PV Solar Solutions is listed among the alliance’s officially recognized supporters.

The alliance said it is striving to prevent unfairly traded imports from stalling an epic rebound in solar cell and panel manufacturing to meet rising U.S. domestic demand.

Even as the prior cases were still moving through early phases, imports from the cases’ target countries were collapsing and those from Indonesia and Laos were sharply rising, according to trade statistics.

The alliance release hints that the additional move against imports from India reflects a rising, ongoing concern.

“The last petition filed on behalf of American solar manufacturers successfully enforced the rule of law and addressed illegally dumped and subsidized solar panels surging into the United States from Southeast Asia,” said Tim Brightbill, the alliance’s attorney. “But the same Chinese-backed companies wasted no time shifting operations to Laos and Indonesia, and companies in India joined in to continue undercutting American producers. We have always said vigorous enforcement of our trade laws is critical to the success of this industry.”

The trade-case battle always has been highly controversial. At the industry’s current juncture, opponents argue that unpredictable and ever-changing duties will stem the flow of necessary, affordable imports at an already perilous time of changing federal incentives, and import-restricting incentive rules, for solar.

Of particular concern in this line of argumentation are high volumes of Indian imports of cells. The U.S. industry produces only a fractional supply to meet domestic cell demand. The new cases could restrain the flow of those Indian cell imports.

“This is almost certainty going to shut off supply from these 3 countries & it couldn’t come at a worse time for the U.S. solar market,” Christian Roselund, senior analyst for Clean Energy Associates, wrote in a series of posts to social media platform Bluesky.

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