Consumers will pay billions due to “very slow” interconnection in the PJM grid, study says

Faster interconnection of generating resources waiting in PJM’s queue, nearly all renewables, could have resulted in far lower capacity prices in PJM’s latest auction, but instead consumers will pay for PJM’s high capacity prices, says a study by Grid Strategies.

February 26, 2025 William Driscoll

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The PJM grid operator’s “very slow” pace of interconnecting new generating capacity in recent years will cost consumers “as much as $7 billion” in the coming year, due to higher prices in PJM’s latest capacity auction, says a report by the consultancy Grid Strategies prepared for Advanced Energy United. The $7 billion figure is in comparison to a scenario in which PJM had “employed proactive planning and implemented simplified interconnection process reforms years ago.”

A capacity auction is designed to ensure that sufficient generating capacity is available to meet peak demand. PJM serves 65 million customers between Chicago and New Jersey.

When the amount of capacity bid into PJM’s annual auction declined in the latest auction and the projected peak load increased, “prices rose as one would expect,” said the report “Penny-wise and pound foolish.”

The cost to consumers of PJM’s capacity auction commitments for the coming year is $14.7 billion, “up $12.5 billion from the previous auction’s $2.2 billion price tag.”

Had PJM used “a faster, simpler process to connect just 15% of the proposed generation currently in its queue, it likely would have yielded more than the approximately 10 GW in accredited capacity needed” to bring auction costs in line with historical norms.

Solar, wind, storage and hybrid generating projects totaling 225 GW awaited interconnection in PJM’s queue as of the end of 2023, but only about 10 GW of generation was placed in service in the PJM region from January 2022 through September 2024, the report said.

“PJM is part-way through a multi-year transition to a reformed interconnection process, but, even when implemented, that process may not prove significantly more efficient,” the report said. “The result is that developers who have lined up in huge numbers to respond to the changing supply/demand dynamics in PJM are still waiting to bring their projects online.”

Customer bills are expected to increase as much as 24% in parts of the PJM region due to the increase in capacity prices, says the report, citing a publication by the Maryland Office of People’s Counsel.

PJM’s current interconnection process is “penny wise” because “it identifies exactly which projects are cost causers for which network upgrades, assigning costs with a deliberate—and very slow—precision. But it is also ‘pound foolish’” because “it almost certainly fails to result in the most cost-effective outcomes—both because it delays bringing needed new generation online and because it results in a piecemeal buildout of the transmission grid,” rather than a buildout based on comprehensive transmission planning.

The issue of PJM’s “exorbitant price tag” is “fundamental,” the report said, as PJM has forecast significant load growth in coming years and has numerous retirements scheduled. “In the absence of interconnection and transmission reform, high prices will persist,” and other grid regions around the country should also “expect to face similar repercussions” without those reforms.

The report calls on regional policymakers and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to “prioritize speedier and simpler interconnection” to manage rising consumer prices.

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